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Hawker 800

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Hawker 800
Hawker 800 on approach
General information
TypeMid-size business jet
National originUnited Kingdom
ManufacturerBritish Aerospace (BAe) (1983–1994)
Raytheon (1994–2007)
Hawker Beechcraft (2007–2013)
StatusIn service
Primary usersJapan Air Self-Defense Force
Number built650
History
Manufactured1983–2013
First flight26 June 1983
Developed fromBritish Aerospace 125

The Hawker 800 is a mid-size twinjet corporate aircraft. It is a development of the British Aerospace 125, and was assembled by Hawker Beechcraft.

Development

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In April 1981, the British Aerospace (BAe) board sanctioned the programme to improve the British Aerospace 125-700 series. By May 1983 the new aircraft was ready for its first test flight.

The BAe 125-800 series has a number of modifications and changes over the 700, the most noticeable being the redesigned cockpit windscreen. Accompanying this are a modified rear fuselage fairing, as well as a glass cockpit and uprated (from 3,700 to 4,300 lb thrust) Garrett TFE731-5R-1H engines. British Aerospace also improved the wing by incorporating new outer wing sections. This helped to reduce drag and improve aerodynamic efficiency.

The 125-800 series would become a sales success.[according to whom?] From the first BAe 125 flight in August 1961 it took nineteen years until the 500th airframe was sold. In a little over five years, British Aerospace were registering the 200th sale of the 800 series.

In 1994 Raytheon (which bought Beech Aircraft Corporation in 1980) acquired BAe Corporate Jets. The new entity was known as Raytheon Aircraft. In March 2007, Raytheon divested its aircraft manufacturing business to Hawker Beechcraft Corp., a company formed and controlled by GS Capital Partners and Onex Partners of Canada.

The last version was the Hawker 850XP, which was certified for operation in March 2006. The 850XP is identical to the 800XP except that it includes winglets, which have extended its operating range by 100 nautical miles (190 km). This version also incorporates upgraded avionics and a redesigned interior. The Hawker 850XP essentially fills the gap left behind by the Hawker 1000 when production of that aircraft ceased. In 2006, its unit cost was $13,786,100.[1]

Two new variants were announced in October 2006 for future deliveries:[2]

  • The Hawker 750, in which the ventral fuel tank is replaced by an externally accessed baggage pannier, which reduces range slightly.
  • The Hawker 900XP, using new Honeywell TFE731-50BR engines for increased range. In 2012, its unit cost was US$ 16.07 million.[3]

After the 2013 bankruptcy of Hawker Beechcraft, the surviving company, Beechcraft, discontinued its business jet range, including the 800 series, although the designs are still supported for parts.

By 2018, a 1980s-era 700s was priced for less than $500,000, a 1995 800A at $1.02 million and a 2012 900XP at $6 million.[4]

Design

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Hawker 800XP

The Hawker 800 was similar to most modern airframes in requiring sub-assemblies to be constructed away from the final point of manufacture. The fuselage sections, wings and control surfaces were manufactured and assembled in the United Kingdom in a combination of Hawker Beechcraft's own facility and those owned by Airbus UK, which inherited much of BAE Systems's civil aircraft manufacturing capacity. These sections are partially fitted out and installed with control surfacing and major systems before being shipped to Hawker Beechcraft's main manufacturing site in Wichita, Kansas for final assembly, fitting out and testing.

Military variants

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Japan uses a maritime search and rescue variant of the Hawker 800. It is designated the U-125A in Japan Air Self-Defense Force service. This variant has large observation windows, a flare and marker-buoy dispenser system, life-raft and emergency equipment dropping system and enhanced salt water corrosion prevention. The aircraft also has a Toshiba 360-degree search radar, Melco thermal imaging equipment and other military communications equipment for its mission.[5]

A military version of the Hawker 800XP is in use by South Korea for tactical aerial reconnaissance, surveillance and SIGINT (SIGnals INTelligence) tasks, and 8 specially equipped aircraft were delivered in 2000. The Republic of Korea Air Force calls them RC-800s, and they are based at Seoul Air Base.[6]

Variants

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  • Hawker 750

With 48 built, this lower-cost, lighter-weight and shorter-range version of the 800XP competes with the Citation XLS and Learjet 60. In November 2017, used prices range from $2.2 million for early 2008 models to 3.8 million for late 2011 models. Its larger 604 cu ft (17.1 m3) cabin is typically configured with eight seats in double club or a four chair club followed by a three-place divan facing a single seat, and is pressurized by 8.5 psi (0.59 bar) to provide a 7,500 ft (2,300 m) cabin altitude at FL 410. Its 1,500 lb (680 kg) ventral fuel tank is replaced with a 47 cu ft (1.3 m3) external baggage compartment, leaving 8,500 lb (3,900 kg) of fuel in the wet wings. The cockpit has four-screen Rockwell Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and FMS-6000.[7] It takes off in 4,696 ft (1,431 m) at MTOW/Sea level. With a 20° quarter chord wing sweep, its maximum speed is Mach 0.80, it cruises at Mach 0.74 to 0.78 and long-range cruise is Mach 0.70 at 1,214 lb (551 kg) per hour midweight. First hour fuel burn is 1,900 lb (860 kg), second hour is 1,350 and 1,200 lb (610 and 540 kg) for subsequent hours.[7] B-checks are every 800 h, C-checks every 1,600 h and D-checks every 3,200 h and there are yearly maintenance checks. The landing gear is overhauled every 12 years. Its 4,750 lbf (21.1 kN) Honeywell TFE731-5BR have 2,100 h MPI and 4,200 h CZI inspection intervals, extendable to 2,500 h / 5,000 h with optional service bulletins, and MSP per engine.[7]

A Hawker 800 operated by Sun-Air of Scandinavia
  • Hawker 800
  • Hawker 800XP

Able to fly nine passengers over 2,400 nmi, 475 Hawker 800XP have been sold for $10–13.5 million between 1995 and 2005. By July 2018, 467 were still in service, valued $1.4–2.4 million.[8]

  • Hawker 800XP Pro Line
  • Hawker 800XPi
  • Hawker 850XP
  • Hawker 900XP
  • U-125
  • RC-800
  • C-29

Operators

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Civil operators

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The aircraft is operated by private individuals, companies and executive charter operators, and in fractional ownership programs.

Military operators

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 Japan
Japan Air Self-Defense Force U-125A in flight
 Mozambique
 Nigeria
 Pakistan
 Philippines
 South Korea

Accidents and incidents

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  • 31 July 2008: A Hawker 800 registered as N818MV and operating as East Coast Jets Flight 81, crashed while attempting a go-around at Owatonna Degner Regional Airport near Owatonna, Minnesota, killing all eight passengers and crew on board.[12][13] The aircraft was manufactured in 1991, and East Coast Jets began operating it in June 2003. The NTSB determined the probable cause of the accident was the captain’s decision to attempt a go-around late in the landing roll with insufficient runway remaining. Contributing to the accident were (1) the pilots’ poor crew coordination and lack of cockpit discipline; (2) fatigue, which likely impaired both pilots’ performance; and (3) the failure of the FAA to require crew resource management training and standard operating procedures for Part 135 operators.[14]
  • 10 November 2015: A Hawker 800 operating as ExecuFlight Flight 1526 crashed into an apartment complex in Akron, Ohio shortly before 15:00 EST in rainy weather while on approach to Akron Fulton International Airport.[15] Witnesses reported hearing a loud explosion, and seeing smoke/flames as the crash occurred. All nine occupants of the aircraft, including both pilots, were killed.[16] The National Transportation Safety Board reported the crash was caused by pilot error, operational issues within the charter company, and deficiencies in the FAA's oversight (operations inspections) of the charter operator.[17][18]
  • 20 December 2020: A Hawker 800XP crashed near Farmingdale, New York. At 8:35 p.m. EST the aircraft faced substantial damage; the captain sustained minor injuries, and the first officer was seriously injured. The plane was a Part 91 business flight operated by Talon Air, LLC as a Title 14 CFR.[19]
  • 21 February 2022: A Hawker 800XP skidded off Runway 33 at Aspen-Pitkin County Airport (ASE) due to aborted takeoff due to lack of control pressure. Four passengers and two pilots were not injured. [20]
  • 7 February 2024: A Hawker 900XP crashed in Grand County, Utah near the Utah-Colorado border after takeoff from Grand Junction Regional Airport. The two pilots were killed.[21][22] The aircraft was owned by Vici Aviation LLC and operated by Clay Lacy Aviation.[23]

Specifications (Hawker 800)

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Data from Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-96[24]

General characteristics

  • Crew: 2 + jump seat
  • Capacity: 8 / 2,000 lb (907 kg) maximum payload
  • Length: 51 ft 2 in (15.60 m)
  • Wingspan: 51 ft 4.5 in (15.659 m)
  • Height: 17 ft 7 in (5.36 m)
  • Wing area: 374 sq ft (34.7 m2)
  • Empty weight: 15,600 lb (7,076 kg) basic
  • Operating weight empty: 16,000 lb (7,257 kg)
  • Maximum ramp weight: 27,520 lb (12,483 kg)
  • Maximum zero-fuel weight: 18,000 lb (8,165 kg)
  • Max takeoff weight: 27,400 lb (12,428 kg) * Maximum landing weight: 23,350 lb (10,591 kg)
  • Fuel capacity: 1,248 imp gal (1,499 US gal; 5,674 L) total; 1,060 imp gal (1,273 US gal; 4,819 L) in wing integral tanks + 188 imp gal (226 US gal; 855 L) in rear under-fuselage tank
  • Powerplant: 2 × Honeywell TFE731-5BR turbofan engines, 4,300 lbf (19 kN) thrust each

Performance

  • Maximum speed: 456 kn (525 mph, 845 km/h) max level speed and max cruising speed at 29,000 ft (8,839 m) / M0.87
  • Cruise speed: 400 kn (460 mph, 740 km/h) economical cruise at 39,000–43,000 ft (11,887–13,106 m)
  • Stall speed: 92 kn (106 mph, 170 km/h) in landing configuration at typical landing weight
  • Range: 2,580 nmi (2,970 mi, 4,780 km) with max payload
2,825 nmi (3,251 mi; 5,232 km) with max fuel and NBAA VFR reserves
  • Service ceiling: 43,000 ft (13,000 m)
  • Rate of climb: 3,100 ft/min (16 m/s)
  • Wing loading: 73.26 lb/sq ft (357.7 kg/m2)
  • Thrust/weight: 0.313
  • Take-off balanced field length: 5,620 ft (1,713 m) at MTOW
  • Landing distance from 50 ft (15 m): 4,500 ft (1,372 m) at typical landing weight and 6 pax

Avionics

  • Standard Honeywell SPZ-800
  • Dual RCZ-850 integrated comms
  • Motorola N1335BSelcal
  • Primus 870 weather radar

See also

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Related development

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era

Related lists

References

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Notes
  1. ^ "Purchase Planning Handbook" (PDF). Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week. May 2006.
  2. ^ "2006 BIZAV REVIEW". avbuyer.com. Archived from the original on 2009-02-27. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  3. ^ "Operations Planning Guide" (PDF). Business & Commercial Aviation. Aviation Week. August 2012.
  4. ^ Mark Huber (December 2018). "For many models, market hitting the apex" (PDF). Aviation International News. pp. 20–21, 24. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2018-12-27. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  5. ^ "U-125 Peace Krypton". Federation of American Scientists. Retrieved July 31, 2008.
  6. ^ "South Korea Spends $200M on RC-800 Fleet Maintenance & Ground Stations". defenseindustrydaily.com. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
  7. ^ a b c Fred George (Nov 21, 2017). "Hawker 750: Operators Say Dispatch Reliability Is Rock Solid". Business & Commercial Aviation.
  8. ^ Fred George (Jul 20, 2018). "Hawker 800XP: The Definitive Midsize Business Aircraft". Business & Commercial Aviation.
  9. ^ a b c "World Air Forces 2020". Flightglobal Insight. 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
  10. ^ Isby, David C.; Willis, David (December 2013). "Mozambique Rebuilding its Air Force". Air International. Vol. 85, no. 6. p. 26. ISSN 0306-5634.
  11. ^ Armed Forces of the Philippines
  12. ^ Deegan, Jim (August 7, 2008). "NTSB preliminary report issued in crash that killed Bethlehem-area pilots". The Express-Times. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  13. ^ Ferraro, Nick; Vezner, Tad (July 30, 2008). "8 dead after Owatonna plane crash; missing accounted for". Pioneer Press. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  14. ^ "Crash During Attempted Go-Around After Landing, East Coast Jets Flight 81, Hawker Beechcraft Corporation 125-800A, N818MV, Owatonna, Minnesota, July 31, 2008" (PDF). National Transportation Safety Board. March 15, 2011. p. 87. NTSB/AAR-11/01. Retrieved November 1, 2019.
  15. ^ "Nine killed aboard charter plane that crashed Tuesday into Ellet apartment building in Akron". Akron Beacon Journal (Ohio.com). Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  16. ^ "No survivors after plane crashes into apartment building on Mogadore Road in Akron". WEWS Cleveland (NewsNet5.com). Archived from the original on November 10, 2015. Retrieved November 10, 2015.
  17. ^ "Nonscheduled 14 CFR Part 135: Air Taxi & Commuter Accident occurred Tuesday, November 10, 2015 in Akron, OH". www.ntsb.gov. NTSB/CEN16MA036. Retrieved 2016-10-31.
  18. ^ Allen Cone (October 18, 2016). "NTSB: Akron plane crash caused by 'litany of failures'". UPI. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  19. ^ "NTSB releases final report on December 2020 Hawker 800XP crash". Globalair.com. 8 November 2022. Retrieved 2022-11-09.
  20. ^ "Aspen airport reopens late Monday night after private jet goes off runway". Aspen Times. 21 February 2022. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  21. ^ Sinton, Kacie (2 Feb 2024). "Plane crashes on Utah-Colorado border with two on board, no survivors found". KKCO. Retrieved 8 Feb 2024.
  22. ^ Pace, Eliza (7 Feb 2024). "Two killed in Grand County plane crash near Colorado state line". KSL-TV. Retrieved 8 Feb 2024.
  23. ^ "Clay Lacy Aviation Raytheon Hawker 900XP (N900VA)". Netairspace.cc. Retrieved 22 February 2024.
  24. ^ Jackson, Paul, ed. (1995). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 1995-96 (86th ed.). Coulsdon, Surrey, United Kingdom: Jane's Information Group. pp. 464–465. ISBN 978-0710612625.
Bibliography
  • Gunston, Bill. Hawker: The story of the 125. (Airworthy Publications International Limited, 1996, ISBN 0-9528845-0-X)
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